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In the ancient and medieval periods, dysentery killed about ? of all babies before they reach 12 months of age. The disease was transferred through contaminated drinking water, because there was no way to adequately dispose of sewage, which contaminated the water.
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In most climates, 8 to 10 glasses of water per day is recommended for adults. The best indicator for adequate fluid intake is frequent, clear urination.
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There are major differences in the metabolism of morphine and the illegal drug heroin. Morphine mostly produces its CNS effects through m-receptors, and at k- and d-receptors. Heroin has a slight affinity for opiate receptors. Most of its actions are due to metabolism to active metabolites (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, and morphine-6-glucuronide).
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Thyroid conditions cause a higher risk of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.
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Once thought to have neurofibromatosis, Joseph Merrick (also known as "the elephant man") is now, in retrospect, thought by clinical experts to have had Proteus syndrome. This endocrine disease causes continued and abnormal growth of the bones, muscles, skin, and so on and can become completely debilitating with severe deformities occurring anywhere on the body.
Sites of mtDNA mutations in certain human diseases
brain development in the human embryo
The relative influence of heredity and the environment in human behavior has fascinated and plagued ...
The two species of cichlids in Lake Apoyo exhibit distinctive morphologies
Lobes of the brain, with primary receiving and integrating centers of the human cerebral cortex.
Allelic phase analysis in human families A and B