Negative reinforcement penalizes an individual for an undesired behavior.

Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the breathing tubes (bronchi), which causes increased mucus production and other changes. It is usually caused by bacteria or viruses, can be serious in people who have pulmonary or cardiac diseases, and can lead to pneumonia.

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Hippocrates noted that blood separates into four differently colored liquids when removed from the body and examined: a pure red liquid mixed with white liquid material with a yellow-colored froth at the top and a black substance that settles underneath; he named these the four humors (for blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile).

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Side effects from substance abuse include nausea, dehydration, reduced productivitiy, and dependence. Though these effects usually worsen over time, the constant need for the substance often overcomes rational thinking.

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Human stomach acid is strong enough to dissolve small pieces of metal such as razor blades or staples.

Large-scale impacts of the (a) positive, and (b) negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation.

Four approaches to studying the evolution of human behavior.

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Author Question: Negative reinforcement penalizes an individual for an undesired behavior. (Read 567 times)

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