Answer to Question 1
The hidden curriculum refers to the transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such
as conformity and obedience to authority, via the rules, routines, and regulations of
schools. For students from dominant groups in society, the way they are treated and
what they learn in school tends to enhance their self-esteem and expectations that they
will attain success. By contrast, students of color and students from lower-income
families or families that have recently migrated to this country may be treated in such a
manner that they acquire inferior self-images and hold less optimistic views of their
education options and future prospects. Although students from all social classes are
subjected to the hidden curriculum, working-class and poverty-level students may be
the most adversely affected. Through the hidden curriculum, schools make working-
class and poverty-level students aware that they will be expected to take orders from
others, arrive at work punctually, follow bureaucratic rules, and experience high levels
of boredom without complaining.
Answer to Question 2
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Patients are encouraged to take an active role in their health care.
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