A. | Baltic |
B. | Black |
C. | Caspian |
D. | Indian |
E. | Mediterranean |
A. | Erastosthenes |
B. | Herodotus |
C. | Ptolemy |
D. | Pytheas |
E. | Strabo |
A. | Cook |
B. | Cosmas |
C. | Darwin |
D. | Herodotus |
E. | Mercator |
A. | autotrophic |
B. | chemosynthesizers |
C. | cyanobacteria |
D. | heterotrophs |
E. | sulfur bacteria |
A. | Devonian |
B. | Jurassic |
C. | Ordovician |
D. | Permian |
E. | Silurian |
A. | calcium carbonate |
B. | carbon dioxide |
C. | chlorophyll |
D. | oxygen |
E. | water |
A. | hydrothermal vents |
B. | island arc |
C. | mountains |
D. | oceanic trench |
E. | volcanoes |
A. | Aleutian Islands |
B. | Andes Mountains |
C. | Hawaiian Islands |
D. | Japan |
E. | Mariana Trench |
A. | hydrothermal vents |
B. | rift valley |
C. | oceanic ridge |
D. | oceanic trench |
E. | spreading center |
A. | Gondwanaland |
B. | Panamerica |
C. | Pangea |
D. | Panthalassa |
E. | Tethys Sea |
A. | Aleutian Islands |
B. | Canary Islands |
C. | Galapagos Islands |
D. | Hawaiian Islands |
E. | Iceland |
A. | global positioning satellite (GPS) |
B. | GLORIA |
C. | precision depth recorder (PDR) |
D. | SeaBeam |
E. | SeaMarc |
A. | abyssal plain |
B. | continental flood basalt |
C. | continental rise |
D. | continental shelf |
E. | continental slope |
A. | black smoker |
B. | deep focus earthquake |
C. | hydrothermal vent |
D. | rift valley |
E. | white smoker |
A. | abyssal hill |
B. | guyot |
C. | ridge crest |
D. | sea knoll |
E. | tablemount |
A. | metal sulfide deposits |
B. | pillow basalts |
C. | rift valley |
D. | seamounts |
E. | trenches. |
A. | biogenous |
B. | calcareous |
C. | cosmogenous |
D. | hydrogenous |
E. | lithogenous |
A. | coccolithophores |
B. | diatoms |
C. | foraminiferans |
D. | oolites |
E. | radiolarians |
A. | chalk |
B. | coccolithophores |
C. | diatoms |
D. | foraminiferans |
E. | stromatolites |
A. | halides |
B. | manganese nodules |
C. | metal sulfides |
D. | phosphates |
E. | tektites |
A. | manganese nodules |
B. | methane hydrates |
C. | phosphorite |
D. | quartz sand |
E. | shell fragments |
A. | abyssal clay |
B. | calcareous ooze |
C. | coarse lithogenic sediment |
D. | manganese nodule |
E. | siliceous ooze |
A. | glaciers |
B. | rivers |
C. | shell fragments |
D. | turbidity currents |
E. | volcanic ash |
A. | boiling point |
B. | buffering capacity |
C. | freezing point |
D. | heat capacity |
E. | surface tension |
A. | carbonate ion |
B. | bicarbonate ion |
C. | chloride ion |
D. | hydrogen ion |
E. | hydroxide ion |
A. | latitude |
B. | pH |
C. | precipitation |
D. | salinity |
E. | temperature |
A. | atmosphere |
B. | biomass |
C. | glaciers |
D. | oceans |
E. | soil moisture |
A. | doldrums |
B. | northeast trades |
C. | polar easterlies |
D. | southeast trades |
E. | westerlies |
A. | max. sustained winds |
B. | min. central pressure |
C. | sea surface temp. |
D. | storm surge |
E. | wind field dia. |
A. | continent |
B. | glacier |
C. | ice floe |
D. | ocean |
E. | sea ice |
A. | Gulf of Alaska |
B. | Indian |
C. | North Atlantic |
D. | South Atlantic |
E. | South Pacific |
A. | Agulhas Current |
B. | Benguela Current |
C. | California Current |
D. | Canary Current |
E. | West Australian Current |
A. | Gulf Stream |
B. | Kuroshio Current |
C. | North Equatorial Current |
D. | Peru Current |
E. | Somali Current |
A. | Australian drought |
B. | decreased fish stock in coastal Peru |
C. | flooding rains in southeastern U.S. |
D. | Peruvian upwelling stops |
E. | strong trade winds |
A. | El Niño |
B. | ENSO |
C. | La Niña |
D. | NMFS |
E. | PDO |
A. | California Current |
B. | Canary Current |
C. | Gulf Stream |
D. | North Atlantic Current |
E. | North Equatorial Current |
A. | longitudinal |
B. | orbital |
C. | progressive |
D. | spilling |
E. | transverse |
A. | crest |
B. | height |
C. | length |
D. | period |
E. | trough |
A. | plunging breaker |
B. | spilling breaker |
C. | surf |
D. | surging breaker |
E. | swell |
A. | capillary |
B. | seiche |
C. | swell |
D. | tsunami |
E. | wind |
A. | full moon |
B. | neap tide |
C. | new moon |
D. | spring tide |
E. | syzygy |
A. | aphelion |
B. | apogee |
C. | perigee |
D. | perihelion |
E. | syzygy |
A. | waning crescent |
B. | waning gibbous |
C. | waxing crescent |
D. | waxing gibbous |
E. | waxing perigee |
A. | barrier flat |
B. | beach face |
C. | berm |
D. | longshore bar |
E. | trough |
A. | bay-mouth bar |
B. | delta |
C. | sea stack |
D. | spit |
E. | tombolo |
A. | bar-built |
B. | coastal plain |
C. | fjord |
D. | reverse |
E. | tectonic |
A. | coastal plain |
B. | highly stratified |
C. | salt wedge |
D. | slightly stratified |
E. | vertically mixed |
A. | DDT |
B. | mercury |
C. | nitrates |
D. | phytoplankton |
E. | petroleum |
A. | abyssopelagic |
B. | bathypelagic |
C. | benthopelagic |
D. | epipelagic |
E. | mesopelagic |
A. | holoplankton |
B. | macroplankton |
C. | meroplankton |
D. | nektoplankton |
E. | picoplankton |
A. | decreased carbon dioxide concentration |
B. | high light levels |
C. | increased nitrogen concentration |
D. | increased phosphorus concentration |
E. | upwelling |
A. | autotrophic |
B. | carnivorous feeding |
C. | deposit feeding |
D. | filter feeding |
E. | suspension feeding |
A. | arrow worm |
B. | copepod |
C. | ctenophore |
D. | jellyfish |
E. | salp |
A. | anal |
B. | caudal |
C. | dorsal |
D. | pelvic |
E. | ventral |
A. | blubber |
B. | collapsible ribs |
C. | gas bladder |
D. | spines |
E. | swim bladder |
A. | blue |
B. | gray |
C. | killer |
D. | minke |
E. | sei |
A. | copepods |
B. | foraminiferans |
C. | krill |
D. | radiolarians |
E. | squid. |
A. | buckshot barnacle |
B. | chiton |
C. | hermit crab |
D. | limpet |
E. | periwinkle |
A. | coral reef |
B. | cold seeps |
C. | hydrothermal vents |
D. | kelp forests |
E. | rocky intertidal zone |
A. | fragmentation |
B. | inking |
C. | mimicry |
D. | stinging cells |
E. | withdrawal into shell |
A. | changes in deep water circulation |
B. | decreased hurricane activity |
C. | increased ocean acidity |
D. | polar ice melting |
E. | sea level rise |
A. | CH4 |
B. | CO2 |
C. | N2 |
D. | N2O |
E. | O3 |
A. | atmosphere |
B. | biosphere |
C. | cryosphere |
D. | geosphere |
E. | lithosphere |
A. | anthropogenic CO2 inputs |
B. | changes in solar input |
C. | tectonic plate movement |
D. | variation in the Earth's orbit |
E. | volcanic activity |