Answer to Question 1
Suggested Response:
Mrs. Blue might do the following.
Begin singing a quiet song and lead the children to their mats. Then dim the lights in the room. These contiguous actions set the tone for the children to be calm and quiet. Repeat the same song and dimming of the lights as children are led to their mats every day after recess.
After several days of following this procedure, the children are likely to follow the steps automatically. They are likely to experience a slower heart rate and a lower energy level. The quiet song and dim lights become associated with sitting or lying quietly on their mats.
Initially the song and the dim lighting are neutral stimuli. In time, they become the conditioned stimuli. The slower heart rate, lower energy level, and calming are the conditioned response.
Text Reference: Early Explanations of Learning: Contiguity and Classical Conditioning
Answer to Question 2
Suggested Response:
Based on what we know about operant conditioning, consequences influence behavior.
First consequence: If everyone in the classroom laughs at Jerrod's behavior, their laughter is positive reinforcement. Jerrod is likely to repeat his behavior, because positive reinforcement strengthens behavior.
Second consequence: If everyone ignores Jerrod's behavior, then the behavior is not reinforced. Jerrod is likely to stop the behavior. The others in the classroom are not providing the desired stimulus in response to his behavior. He is not getting positive reinforcement to strengthen the behavior.
Text Reference: Operant Conditioning: Trying New Responses
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