Over evolutionary time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?
A) Natural selection cannot account for losses, only for innovations.
B) Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse.
C) Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits.
D) The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that forced them to find new habitats that these species had not previously used.
Evolutionary tree based on comparisons of cytochrome c DNA
With fewer men than women in college, is it time to consider affirmative action for men?
Greet a First-Time Client With a Firm Handshake.
Example of simplified note for one-time client.
Change in Bone Mass over Time In your early years, more bone mass is added than lost in your body
Microbes that have become model organisms for genetic studies