Homework Clinic
Science Clinic => Biology => Topic started by: go.lag on Apr 11, 2021
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Hydatidiform mole is a type of pregnancy that, without medical intervention, frequently results in the death of the mother. The hydatidiform mole is thought to result most often from an abnormality in fertilization, such that the egg has two copies of paternal chromosomes, and no maternal DNA. A fetus fails to develop; instead there is rapidly growing chorionic tissue in the placenta, which secretes hCG and thus leads to a positive pregnancy test and outward signs of pregnancy. The first clue to the obstetrician that the pregnancy is abnormal is often the lack of a heartbeat in the first trimester.
A. What is the genotype of the hydatidiform mole tissue? From the genotype alone, would most science-literate students predict that a normal embryo would form? Explain, indicating what this suggests about maternal and paternal contributions to the embryo.
B. The most common cause of molar pregnancy-related maternal death is a type of cancer called choriocarcinoma, with the hydatidiform mole being the source and thus resembling a tumor. What characteristic of tumors leads to cancer?
C. While these pregnancies often spontaneously abort, some women may elect to terminate a hydatidiform molar pregnancy. Is this a special case of elective abortion or is it tumor-removal? Explain.
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A. The genotype would be 46XX or 46XY; 46YY is not viable at all because the essential genes on the X chromosome are missing. These genotypes are normal, so it is unclear why a fetus does not form. This suggests that there is some contribution of the maternal nucleus to development apart from just the chromosome number.
B. It is metastasis, or spread of abnormal cells due to loss of cell adhesion, that causes cancer.
C. Answers are based in part on personal opinion and will vary; if students consider primarily that this pregnancy does not produce a fetus at all, they may argue that removal of this tissue is more like tumor removal than aborting a fetus.