New-states Paradox:
The addition of a new group changes the apportionments of other groups.
Suppose there are 40 states in a country where congressional seats are alloted to the states in proportion to the population of each respective state. Total population is 12 million people. Suppose also that a 41st state is admitted, adding its own population to that of the nation. If the new-states paradox occurs, which of the following statements are true:
I. In the original 40 states, only one state will end up with a different number of congressional seats.
II. In the original 40 states, at least two states will end up with a different number of congressional seats.
III. The original 40 states will all retain the same number of seats if the 41st state has a population of under 500,000.
IV. If the 41st state has a population greater than one million, at least two of the original states will end up with a different number of congressional seats.
◦ II and III
◦ II and IV
◦ I and III
◦ II
The United States, 1819
Reference Groups
While brown rice is a healthy whole-grain addition to any meal
Approximately 40 percent of farmers in the United States are 55 years old or older
Average Annual Growth Rates of Population by Country Group
Groups of Elephants