Answer to Question 1
Global crimethe networking of powerful criminal organizations and their associates in shared activities around the worldis a relatively new phenomenon. However, it is an extremely lucrative endeavor as criminal organizations have increasingly set up their operations on a transnational basis, using the latest communication and transportation technologies The highest income-producing activities of global criminal organizations include trafficking in drugs, weapons, and nuclear material; smuggling of things and people (including many migrants); trafficking in women and children for the sex industry; and trafficking in body parts such as corneas and major organs for the medical industry. Undergirding the entire criminal system are money laundering and various complex financial schemes and international trade networks that make it possible for people to use the resources they obtain through illegal activity for the purposes of consumption and investment in the legitimate formal economy. Recent studies have concluded that reducing global crime will require a global response, including the cooperation of law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and intelligence services across geopolitical boundaries. However, this approach is problematic because countries such as the United States often have difficulty getting the various law enforcement agencies to cooperate within their own nation. Similarly, law enforcement agencies in high-income nations such as the United States and Canada are often suspicious of law enforcement agencies in low-income countries, believing that these officers are corrupt. Regulation by the international community (for example, through the United Nations) would also be necessary to control global criminal activities such as international money laundering and trafficking in people and controlled substances such as drugs and weapons.
Answer to Question 2
a
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