Answer to Question 1
a) The simple structure is said to be characterized most by what it is not rather than what it is. The simple structure is not elaborate. It has a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. The simple structure is a flat organization; it usually has only two or three vertical levels, a loose body of employees, and one individual in whom the decision-making authority is centralized.
b) Standardization is the key concept that underlies the bureaucracy. It is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization, very formalized rules and regulations, tasks that are grouped into functional departments, centralized authority, narrow spans of control, and decision making that follows the chain of command.
c) The matrix combines two forms of departmentalization: functional and product. It breaks the unity-of-command concept. Employees in the matrix have two bossestheir functional department managers and their product managers. Therefore, the matrix has a dual chain of command.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: FALSE
The hierarchy of forces governing protein structure.
A simple motif, the β-α-β loop
A patient examination room should be simple and efficiently designed.
The two major forms of polynucleotide secondary structure
Simple Decorating Techniques: Side masking
Manhattan plots resulting from a genome-wide association study of seven common human disease