Answer to Question 1
4
Rationale:
1. A professional nurse is one who has completed an accredited basic educational program and has passed NCLEX.
2. A certified registered nurse (RNC) has shown expertise in the field and has taken a national certification exam.
3. A clinical nurse specialist has completed a master's degree program, and has specialized knowledge and competence in a specific clinical area, and often is employed in the hospital on specialized units.
4. A nurse practitioner has completed either a master's or doctoral degree in nursing and passed a certification exam, and functions as an advanced practice nurse. Ambulatory care settings and the community are common sites for nurse practitioners to provide client care.
Answer to Question 2
3
Rationale:
1. Secondary care is specialized care; an example is checking the hemoglobin A1C of a diabetic at an endocrine clinic.
2. Tertiary care is very specialized, and includes trauma units and neonatal intensive care units.
3. Prenatal care is primary care. Community care is often provided at clinics in neighborhoods to facilitate access by clients to primary care, including prenatal care and prevention of illness.
4. Community care decreases costs while improving client outcomes, and is not unnecessarily expensive.
A petrified log in Petrified Forest National Park.
The nurse needs to note the source of the patient health history