Solve the problem.
A certain HMO is attempting to show the benefits of managed care to an insurance company. The HMO believes that certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others. One theory is that Certification Level is an important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians. To investigate this, the HMO obtained independent random samples of 20 physicians from each of the three certification levels-- Board certified (C); Uncertified, board eligible (E); and Uncertified, board ineligible (I)-- and recorded the total per-member, per-month charges for each (a total of 60 physicians). In order to compare the mean charges for the three groups, the data will be subjected to an analysis of variance.
Write the alternative hypothesis tested by the ANOVA.
◦ The three certification levels do not have the same mean charge.
◦ The 60 physicians all have the same charge.
◦ One certification group has the same mean charge as a different certification group.
◦ The three certification levels do not all have the same mean charge.
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