Negative reinforcement penalizes an individual for an undesired behavior.

Hippocrates noted that blood separates into four differently colored liquids when removed from the body and examined: a pure red liquid mixed with white liquid material with a yellow-colored froth at the top and a black substance that settles underneath; he named these the four humors (for blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile).

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Multiple experimental evidences have confirmed that at the molecular level, cancer is caused by lesions in cellular DNA.

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IgA antibodies protect body surfaces exposed to outside foreign substances. IgG antibodies are found in all body fluids. IgM antibodies are the first type of antibody made in response to an infection. IgE antibody levels are often high in people with allergies. IgD antibodies are found in tissues lining the abdomen and chest.

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People who have myopia, or nearsightedness, are not able to see objects at a distance but only up close. It occurs when the cornea is either curved too steeply, the eye is too long, or both. This condition is progressive and worsens with time. More than 100 million people in the United States are nearsighted, but only 20% of those are born with the condition. Diet, eye exercise, drug therapy, and corrective lenses can all help manage nearsightedness.

Alcohol, Mating, and Aggressive Behavior in Monkeys

Bronfenbrenner’s model of the ecological-systems approach to studying development. He suggested that

Negative feedback control of a regulated variable.

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Negative Feedback Regulation of BP

Brain metabolism in a schizophrenic individual (left) and a normal individual (right). These scans o

Author Question: Negative reinforcement penalizes an individual for an undesired behavior. (Read 610 times)

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