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| Description: Protons are pumped by complexes I, III, and IV as electrons flow through the complexes, generating an electrochemical gradient across the membrane (protonmotive force, pmf). Proton re-entry to the matrix, through the F0 channel of ATP synthase (complex V), provides the energy to drive ATP synthesis. Chemiosmotic coupling refers to the use of a transmembrane proton gradient to drive endergonic processes like ATP synthesis. Picture Stats: Views: 231 Filesize: 141.15kB Height: 373 Width: 780 Source: https://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view;id=34583 |