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| Description: Renal conservation of bicarbonates involves 7 stages as follows. 1. C O 2 combines with water for form carbonic acid. 2. Carbonic acid is split, forming hydrogen and bicarbonate. 3. Hydrogen is secreted via secondary active transport into the filtrate. 4. For each hydrogen secreted, via secondary active transport, a bicarbonate enters the peritubular capillary blood, either via symport with sodium, via primary active transport, or antiport with chloride, via a combination of simple diffusion and secondary active transport. 5. Secreted hydrogen combines with bicarbonates in the filtrate, forming carbonic acid. Bicarbonate disappears from the filtrate at the same rate that bicarbonate enters the peritubular capillary blood. 6. The carbonic acid formed in the filtrate disassociates to release C O 2 and H 2 O. 7. C O 2 diffuses into the tubule cell, where it triggers further hydrogen secretion via simple diffusion.
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