Answer to Question 1
Answer: The perceived threat of actually contracting the flu would need to be compared to the perceived benefit (i.e., that getting a flu shot would prevent them from getting the flu). In addition, the individual would have to overcome perceived barriers such as the time, cost, dislike of shots, etc. If barriers are minimized and the perceived benefit is high, the person is likely to obtain the shot if they feel the threat is also high.
Answer to Question 2
Answer:
Lifestyle choicessuch as deciding not to smoke, to be physically active, to avoid drinking excessively and eat nutritiously can greatly reduce risk of illness.
Ageas we get older, some diseases such as chronic illness, become more likely.
Sexbiological differences in gender can result in different health outcomes.
Ethnic backgroundhealth disparities exist between different population subgroups.
Geographygeographic region can affect exposure to diseases, risk factors, and access to health care.
Income and health insurancepeople at lower socioeconomic levels or without health insurance are less likely to get preventive care.
Sexual orientationGay or bisexual men face greater risk of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Teens struggling with sexual orientation may face emotional challenges as well as physical abuse.
Health literacyHealth information and the healthcare system can often be confusing and complex. Those with better navigational skills can positively affect their health.
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