Answer to Question 1
The four steps are (1) hazard assessment, (2) dose-response assessment, (3) exposure assessment, and (4) risk characterization. Dose-response assessment is to analyze the relationship between the concentrations of chemicals in the test (the dose) and both the incidence and severity of the response. Exposure assessment involves identifying human groups already exposed to the chemical, learning how their exposure came about, and calculating the doses and length of time of their exposure. The final step, risk characterization, is to pull together all the information gathered in the first three steps in order to determine the risk and its accompanying uncertainties.
Answer to Question 2
Examples include the American bald eagle, the peregrine falcon, and the whooping crane.
Risk for injury
Risk of death from motorcycle accidents (dashed lines) and passenger accidents (solid lines) per 100
CHD Risk Factors
Reduce Risk of Unintentional Injury
The steps of wound repair.
The Steps in the Coagulation Cascade