Answer to Question 1
Ans: C
Feedback:
Although principles of therapeutic communication are applicable across the lifespan, older adults require some special adaptations because of age-related changes. Physical factors, such as decreased vision or hearing, may interfere with communication. Age-related changes in hearing require nurses to use a lower-pitched voice and eliminate background noise. Speaking in a somewhat louder voice may be necessary if hearing loss is clear. Nurses must not assume, however, that all older people have difficulty hearing and speak to them unnaturally loudly, which can be irritating. Nurses assess for hearing and visual deficits early and then implement various helpful techniques based on findings.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: B
Feedback:
Sometimes health care providers, family members, and older people themselves incorrectly believe that depression, confusion, memory loss, and other mental or emotional problems are simply part of normal aging. These attitudes prevent older people and their families from seeking treatment and, unfortunately, some providers from aggressive diagnosis and treatment.