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Historic treatments for rheumatoid arthritis have included gold salts, acupuncture, a diet consisting of apples or rhubarb, nutmeg, nettles, bee venom, bracelets made of copper, prayer, rest, tooth extractions, fasting, honey, vitamins, insulin, snow collected on Christmas, magnets, and electric convulsion therapy.
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
Although the Roman numeral for the number 4 has always been taught to have been "IV," according to historians, the ancient Romans probably used "IIII" most of the time. This is partially backed up by the fact that early grandfather clocks displayed IIII for the number 4 instead of IV. Early clockmakers apparently thought that the IIII balanced out the VIII (used for the number 8) on the clock face and that it just looked better.
The most common treatment options for addiction include psychotherapy, support groups, and individual counseling.
Earwax has antimicrobial properties that reduce the viability of bacteria and fungus in the human ear.
![Use of fluorescent molecules by Lowenstein and colleagues to determine the size of gap-junction chan](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_17_06_11_12_21_15.jpeg)
![A typical distillation curve. Heavier molecules evaporate at higher temperatures and contain more ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/29/medium_548020_25_05_17_1_36_19_29366542.png)