Unlike operant or classical conditioning, in observational learning, ____.
a. direct reinforcement is necessary to establish behavior
b. new behaviors can be learned by watching others
c. reinforcement must precede the person's action
d. reinforcers are not necessary to maintain a behavior
Question 2
When Stanley is afraid of meeting a woman, he finds an excuse to run off by himself. The immediate effect of running away is to make him feel less anxious and more at ease. Stanley's behavior illustrates the ____.
a. role of negative reinforcers in avoidance behavior
b. fact that shaping can result in maladjusted behavior
c. role of partial reinforcement in abnormal behavior
d. power of positive reinforcement
Cone of Learning (adapted from Dale).
Apply direct pressure to the patient’s wound.
A Classical Conditioning Procedure Outside the Laboratory
Ischemic compression (i.e., direct pressure) to a trigger point in the trapezius muscle.
Apply direct pressure to points on low back. Press into paraspinal muscles from the side. Move spot ...
Higher-Order Conditioning