A frequent criticism of Piaget's work on the development of cognition in young children is that
a. he underestimated children's cognitive abilities because the tasks he used were often too difficult for them to solve.
b. he misjudged children's capabilities because of his ill-defined criteria for success.
c. he suggested that preoperational children's abilities were much more advanced than they really are.
d. the age of his subjects often did not correspond to the cognitive stage he was attempting to describe.
Question 2
Extrapolating from the criticisms of Piaget's work, it might be reasonable to conclude that
a. children do not reach the stage of formal operations until the age of twelve or thirteen.
b. since some of his tasks were meaningless and confusing, Piaget may have underestimated children's abilities.
c. the concrete-operational child has little understanding of the principle of conservation.
d. Piaget gave children at the sensorimotor stage credit for greater cognitive abilities than they were really capable of.
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