Answer to Question 1
Nitrogen eliminates ozone through the following cycle:
NO + O3 NO2 + O2
NO2 + O NO + O2
Net: O + O3 2O2
Likewise, chlorine eliminates ozone through the following cycle:
Cl + O3 ClO + O2
ClO + O Cl + O2
Net: O + O3 2O2
Answer to Question 2
Nordaus uses a much higher economic discount rate in his analysis than does Stern. Hence, Nordhaus advocates a relatively small carbon tax, whereas Stern advocates a much larger one. Both economists believe that a tax on carbon would be the most efficient way to push society into reducing CO2 emissions.
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