Answer to Question 1
According to this view, conditions of anomie/alienation encourage gang formation on both a cultural and individual level. On a cultural level, youths are encouraged to join gangs during periods of social, economic, and cultural turmoil.
Immigration or emigration, rapidly expanding or contracting populations, and the incursion of different racial/ethnic groups, or even different segments or generations of the same racial/ethnic population, can create fragmented communities and gang problems.
Historically, gangs formed during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and after the crumbling of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. The rise of right-wing youth gangs in Germany is associated with the unification of East and West Germany. Skinhead groups have formed in Germany in response to immigration from Turkey and North Africa.
In the United States, gangs have formed in areas where rapid change has unsettled communities. The gangs and militia groups in present-day Iraq may have formed as a response to the upheaval in that society.
On an individual level, gang membership appeals to adolescents who are alienated from the mainstream of society.
Student views will vary.
Answer to Question 2
c
Posterior view of the Heart, outlining the major arteries
Areas of referred pain; A, anterior view; B, posterior view.
Oral cavity: (A) sagittal section; (B) anterior view as seen through the open mouth.
Cut view of long bone.
Posterior view of midbrain in relation to brain stem
Artist’s depiction of the view inside the uterus, showing a fetus connected by an umbilical cord ...