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It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
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Historic treatments for rheumatoid arthritis have included gold salts, acupuncture, a diet consisting of apples or rhubarb, nutmeg, nettles, bee venom, bracelets made of copper, prayer, rest, tooth extractions, fasting, honey, vitamins, insulin, snow collected on Christmas, magnets, and electric convulsion therapy.
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A seasonal flu vaccine is the best way to reduce the chances you will get seasonal influenza and spread it to others.
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GI conditions that will keep you out of the U.S. armed services include ulcers, varices, fistulas, esophagitis, gastritis, congenital abnormalities, inflammatory bowel disease, enteritis, colitis, proctitis, duodenal diverticula, malabsorption syndromes, hepatitis, cirrhosis, cysts, abscesses, pancreatitis, polyps, certain hemorrhoids, splenomegaly, hernias, recent abdominal surgery, GI bypass or stomach stapling, and artificial GI openings.
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There are over 65,000 known species of protozoa. About 10,000 species are parasitic.
Hydronephrosis. Normal kidney (left) and kidney with hydronephrosis (right) are compared. Note the d
Brain
Close-up view of a diaphragm amplifier on the left and a bell amplifier on the right
Notice the small motor gear on the left drives a larger plastic gear (black), which then drives ...
The Addicted Brain
Different views of the brain