Maria is a sedentary, 68-year-old woman who is overweight. She ...

[codyclark]

Maria is a sedentary, 68-year-old woman who is overweight. She complains that her hands and feet are always cold and she tires quickly when cleaning the house.
 
  At her most recent visit to her doctor, her blood pressure was 184/98 mm Hg. She has edema around her ankles and legs, and her physician is concerned about an echocardiogram that indicates Maria has an enlarged heart
 
  Identify two reasons why Maria will have tissue ischemia. How might this lead to hypoxia?
 
  What are the two early and reversible changes that occur to tissue cells when they are hypoxic?
 
  What specific type of cellular adaptation has taken place in Maria's enlarged heart? What made you come to this conclusion?

Question 2

Marsha and Clement are both carriers of sickle cell anemia, a disease that is autosomal recessive. Their first child, Amelia, does not have the disease.
 
  Marsha and Clement are planning another pregnancy, but they are concerned about their second child having the condition. Clement's father died from complications of sickle cell disease shortly before Amelia was born.
 
  Draw a Punnett square to determine the likelihood of Marsha and Clement having a baby with sickle cell anemia. What is the chance the baby will be a carrier of the disease, just like the parents?
 
  Marsha suggested to the nurse at the local family planning clinic that if the baby were a boy, he might have a higher risk of developing the disease, just like his grandfather. If you were this nurse, how would you respond?
 
  When Amelia, who does not have sickle cell anemia, grows up and marries someone who does have the disease, how likely will her children have the disease?

[Perkypinki]

Answer to Question 1

Maria's tissue ischemia is a result of impaired circulation and her edema. In this situation, the tissue hypoxia results from the inability of oxygenated blood to reach the tissue cells.

Two early and reversible cellular changes seen with hypoxia are the following:
Anaerobic metabolism and the production of lactic acid
The failure of Na+/K+ pumps resulting in cellular swelling

Adaptive pathologic hypertrophy. Hypertrophy occurs instead of hyperplasia in the heart because muscle fibers are unable to undergo mitotic division.

Answer to Question 2

The Punnett square should resemble the following:
Marsha(Ss)Clement(Ss)
S
s
S
SS
Ss
s
Ss
ss
The gene is recessive, so the parents will have a 25 chance of giving birth to a child with the disease. There is a 50 chance that the baby will be a carrier.

The disease is autosomal in nature, meaning the disease arises from an abnormality on chromosomes 1 to 22. These chromosomes are alike in both males and females.

If Amelia has children to a father with sickle cell disease, the children will be carriers only.

[codyclark]

Correct answers!

[Perkypinki]

Great! Please up vote