An atrial septal defect (ASD) causes a left to right shunt, which ...

[meagbuch]

An atrial septal defect (ASD) causes a left to right shunt, which enlarges the right atrium. Because of this effect, which of the following conditions often occur with ASD?
 
  A. Asthma
  B. Jugular venous distension
  C. Atrial fibrillation
  D. B & C

Question 2

A patient with hypertension who has hyperlipidemia should aim for LDL measurement to be:
 
  A. 130 mg/dL or less
  B. 40 mg/dL or less
  C. 100 mg/dL or less
  D. 60mg/dL or less

[kjo;oj]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
ASD is a congenital abnormality in which oxygenated blood is shunted from a higher-pressured left atrium to a lower-pressured right atrium through an abnormal opening in the atrial septum. Atrial arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are common in the adult population with ASD. ASDs are often accompanied by other congenital heart defects, but in an uncomplicated lesion, patients are often asymptomatic until early adulthood, when they present with dyspnea on exertion or palpitations resulting from atrial arrhythmia. Because patients may be asymptomatic for many years, right HF can be the first sign, and patients may present with jugular venous distension, edema, and ascites.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
The aim for primary prevention is to keep LDL levels below 130 mg/dL and HDL levels above 40 mg/dL. Although primary prevention lowers a person's risk of heart disease and MI, it has shown only small, if any, effect on all-cause mortality. In patients with known CVD or diabetes, the target cholesterol levels are more stringent, aiming for an LDL level below 100 mg/dL and an HDL level above 60 mg/dL.

[meagbuch]

Correct answers!

[kjo;oj]

Great! Please up vote