Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 2, 5
Blowing bubbles is an age-appropriate activity for the preschool-age child. The child can be encouraged to blow the pain away. The preschool-age child will find comfort in being held during the pain. The use of a glucose-coated pacifier is most effective with an infant in the management of pain. A preschool-age client child is too young to grasp a discussion of the causes of the pain being experienced. Age-appropriate guided imagery is not a successful nonpharmacological means to manage pain in a preschool-age child. This may be helpful for the school-age child.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4
The use of music, guided imagery, and deep breathing techniques are means to assist the client to shift the focus from the pain to something else. This will help in reducing the perception of pain. The administration of narcotic analgesics does not work to diminish the perception. These medications work to reduce the transmission of the pain to the client's nerve sensors. Anti-inflammatory medication will reduce discomfort by reducing the inflammation. This method does not reduce the perception of the pain. The medications reduce inflammation, thus reducing the incidence of pain, not the perception of it.