Avoiding cost inefficiencies is a powerful globalization driver. ...

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Avoiding cost inefficiencies is a powerful globalization driver.
 
 Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Question 2

Compare and contrast the three degrees of causality.

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Answer to Question 1

T

Answer to Question 2

There are three degrees of causality: absolute, conditional, contributory. Absolute causality means the cause is necessary and sufficient to bring about the effect. Although this is a very strong inference, it is impossible to think that we can establish absolute causality in the behavioral sciences. While managers may like to be able to draw absolute conclusions, they can often make very good decisions based on less powerful inferences. Conditional causality means that a cause is necessary but not sufficient to bring about an effect. This is a weaker causal inference than absolute causality. Contributory causality is the weakest form of causality, but it is still a useful concept. This degree of causality means that a cause need be neither necessary nor sufficient to bring about an effect. However, causal evidence can be established using the three factors (temporal sequence, concomitant variation, and nonspurious association). For any outcome, there may be multiple causes. So, an event can be a contributory cause of something so long as the introduction of the other possible causes does not eliminate the correlation between it and the effect.