Answer to Question 1
C
Answer to Question 2
Measurement is the assigning of either numbers (as in the case of scores from traditional paper-and-pencil tests) or ratings (such as rating performances as adequate, excellent, or exceeds standard) to attributes of people according to rules in order to create a ranking. Measurement provides information about a person's level of knowledge about a subject domain and/or proficiency about a skill. A score of 75 percent, for example, indicates that the individual has learned about 75 percent of the information from a prescribed domain.
Evaluation is the process of making judgments about the value or worth of a set of measures by using a rule-governed system. For example, you may decide that students who correctly answered at least 87 percent of the test questions deserve a grade of A, while another teacher who uses a different rule system may award that score a grade of B.
Evaluation, therefore, includes measurement. While measurement is conceptually distinct from evaluation, it is a necessary prerequisite to evaluation.
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