Answer to Question 1
Nampla in Thailand, nuoc cham in Vietnamfish sauce is at the root of both of
these savory cuisines. Fish sauce is made with 3 parts anchovies (or sardines) to 1
part salt fermented for at least one week. The liquid that is produced is recycled
back through wooden vats daily for a year The highest quality fish sauce (first
extraction, like in olive oil production) is used for sauces and dips, the remainder
is used for cooking.
Fish sauce is one of those ingredients which by itself is odd tasting and off putting
but, most savory Thai and Vietnamese dishes would be unimaginable without it.
Answer to Question 2
milk/ water