Question 1
When the pincer grasp emerges in infancy, parents and teachers should:
◦ remove small objects that can be picked up and swallowed.
◦ monitor peer and sibling interactions carefully.
◦ provide causality and object permanence toys.
◦ stimulate primary circular reactions.
Question 2
A parent expresses concern because her nine-month-old is not standing yet. She notes that a parenting book she has read indicates most infants can stand by this age. Which would be the most helpful response to this parent?
◦ Based on normative data, your daughter has developed in an age-appropriate way. Special physical exercises and play can further enhance her motor development.
◦ Based on normative data, your daughter is only slightly delayed in motor development. Through a full evaluation we can make certain that there are no physical problems.
◦ Normative charts provide a guide for the order in which skills should be acquired. We should begin intervention to guide her in learning to stand, only after prerequisite skills emerge.
◦ Normative charts only provide general guidelines about motor development. There is much variation in the age at which children begin to stand. Your daughter will acquire this skill soon enough.
Tiger quoll standing on hind legs
A female parent with ducklings in Richmond Park, London, England
Examples of progress notes written in different formats
genetics notes
Radiative forcing expresses change in energy input over time
A cowbird with its foster parent. A female cowbird minimizes her cost of parental care by laying her