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| Description: (a) The external intercostal muscles contract, which expands the chest cavity by moving the ribs up and out. The diaphragm also contracts, causing it to pull downward, further expanding the cavity. The muscular efforts require energy, whereas the return to the resting state by exhaling is primarily by recoil. (b) X-ray images of the chest of an adult man after exhaling and inhaling. The volume of the lungs after exhaling is superimposed on the left using dashed lines to illustrate the relative change in lung volume.
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