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| Description: The photomicrographs of sections of rat brain show degenerating neurons (black spots). Exposure to alcohol during the period of rapid brain growth causes cell death by inducing apoptosis. These effects are mediated by the actions of alcohol as an NMDA antagonist and a GABAA agonist. MK-801, an NMDA antagonist, and phenobarbital, a GABAA agonist, also induce apoptosis. (From Ikonomidou, C., Bittigau, P., Ishimaru, M. J., et al. Science, 2000, 287, 1056–1060. By permission.)
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