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| Description: When exposed to anaerobic conditions, E. coli can use nitrate instead of oxygen as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain. This generates an H+ electrochemical gradient that is used to make ATP via chemiosmosis. Note: As shown in this figure, ubiquinone (Q) picks up H+ on one side of the membrane and deposits it on the other side. A similar event happens during aerobic respiration in mitochondria (described in Figure 7.16), except that ubiquinone transfers H+ to cytochrome b?c1, which pumps it into the intermembrane space.
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