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The chemical changes in photoreception

The chemical changes in photoreception
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Description: 11-cis-retinal and opsin in a rod cell combine to form rhodopsin.

Absorption of a photon of light leads to the chemical changes shown in steps 2 and 3.

Step 3 involves at least 3 distinct conformational changes that occur in ~1 ms.

Metarhodopsin II is the species that activates transducin (not shown) to initiate the visual cascade.

After about 1 second, metarhodopsin II dissociates into all-trans-retinal, which isomerizes as the cycle begins again.

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