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| Description: TABLE 22.1 Summary of Innate Defenses COMPONENT FUNCTIONS FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES Physical Factors Epidermis of skin Mucous membranes Mucus Hairs Cilia Lacrimal apparatus Saliva Urine Defecation and vomiting Chemical Factors Sebum Lysozyme Gastric juice Vaginal secretions Forms physical barrier to entrance of microbes. Inhibit entrance of many microbes, but not as effective as intact skin. Traps microbes in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Filter out microbes and dust in nose. Together with mucus, trap and remove microbes and dust from upper respiratory tract. Tears dilute and wash away irritating substances and microbes. Washes microbes from surfaces of teeth and mucous membranes of mouth. Washes microbes from urethra. Expel microbes from body. Forms protective acidic film over skin surface that inhibits growth of many microbes Antimicrobial substance in perspiration, tears, saliva, nasal secretions, and tissue fluids. Destroys bacteria and most toxins in stomach. Slight acidity discourages bacterial growth; flush microbes out of vagina.
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