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| Description: VISUALIZINGASTRONOM Y11 . - ‘- ' .’ l - 7 f l ‘ ' ' TheScaleoftheVerySm alland ' " 7' ' ' 1 " ‘- I. .1,“ 4 . Very Large* Powers of10 - ‘ I ' " ‘ ' I vominionarl / Shutterstockcom I I . * D I ' O . ' D , '. _ . “ . ' . I This view, about 20 m in II 100 m from ICERN’s . ' . ' diameter, is inside the , ' ~ ' Gl°be °f sclence . . . .9 II .. I" I _ and Innovation _ CERN site aerial Earth With the Body ce" 10—5 Universe of Particles, a . - -. - l - -. - a . , ,: . . ' View 104 m _ 10 km . Moon, 106 km I museum exhibit at the Globe of Science . ' '_ x ' .' IL , -' 6; '.~. I I ’ .— - .' ' . , . and Innovation at CERN (Organisation _ ' . I. I_ I I. _ "'7 . . ' EnIaIgIdIoshow I .- I 1 m from museum EuropéIennIe pour la Recherche ‘ I. . I . . I‘ ‘ Earth, 107 m =1o4 km ' ' ' . I exhibit ' v Nuclealre) In Geneva (Figure 2). . . _ . .' 4 ' . . ~ -_ . 1' - . . v .. . . . . I ' - I . I . .. ,. . . . ' '. - -_ ‘ . . ' ’0 ' .- ' Thickness of DNA, . I,‘ . I .- _ i I . l . l . . - 10—9m I ' ' ..- ‘ . ” . - A , . .' , ‘- - ‘ - . . , ' , Solar system inside . ;' " I .I' --.‘ ' "-- . ' ' , - ‘ . - . I. :" I - ' ’ ‘ . .' Earth'sorbit,1.5x1011m . ' . ‘ > . l ' ‘ j: ' - ,» . ' - , This distance is called the _ ’. l. ' . . . . . ‘ I. ~ 7 . ‘ - « f '- . astronomical unit. Enlarge.“°.5h°w ' l . I,. . Each area ofastronomy and related multidISCIplinary SCIences (such as - I ~ - ‘ , ‘ I ‘, A ' ' . re'at'ves'ze '. ‘- 1." - astrobiology and astrochemistry) explores a different realm of nature, - ‘I , . ° ;‘ I .' ,' .,3I '15..‘,.' ’ from the smallest structures in the universe to the largest. The study of i. ' ' '. '- . ‘ 5 ‘ the production of energy in stars involves the study ofan atomic nucleus, ' . ' . .' , .' ' . ' . . ‘ . . 2‘ I .. . .2 I while cosmology studies the structure and evolution of the universe on I I , ' ' '-- y l- - I , _ ~ ' " ' I . ' ' , IQ - . ' ‘ . . the largest scale.To understand the vast range ofsizes and distances on ‘ I v " ' ' . " ' -. . . ‘ ' -, ' ,-‘- - . . _ " ' ‘2‘ J Atom size ourjourney to understanding nature, we have to adopt symbols for very - ' . - t f .' 'Q l " ‘I ' I‘ ‘ ' ’ I ’ " ; 104° m ' small and very large numbers. It is not convenient to express the size of ' V ' . 'II ' ' ' ‘ . -. 1' ' I ’. - I . L ‘ "I; -I ’ .. ‘ '- ' ' II , an atom as 0.0000000001 morthefardistance observed in the universe ‘ Ir : . - ' I l - . ‘ - ' . _' ' ° -. . - . ' l .- I Orbits of solar system, ' a ' ' _. as 100 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 m. Instead, we use either I - .". -' ' ’- » - - . ' ‘- , . , I' ‘ 150 AU, about 1013 m ,, . ‘ I’ ‘ prefixes (e.g.,”kilo,"which means”one thousand")orscientific notationf - Eff . . II . - I, II . . . - ' - - ' - (i.e., powers of10). Here are some examples: . ' _ . ' = . ' ' . - -' I‘ - '. l 1 billionth ofa metre (nanometre, nm) = 0000000001 in = 10‘9 m I' . -' The view with a diameter of ‘ - . . I . ‘ . . l millionth ofa metre (micrometre, um) = 0.000001 m = 10‘6 m t ' I1I;Z_b'll'°"l'9ht'l;ears- t f F' i ' V ‘ . . - ‘ . .. .- 5:II, E , Computer simulation 1 thousandth ofa metre (millimetre, mm) = 0.001 m = 10‘3 m ‘ g an':"'::3::::e '13::ng ' ‘ _ ' ’ ‘ .. j , . 5 °f Particle traces fr°m 1 hundredth of a metre (centimetre, cm) = 0.01 m = 10‘2 m ' i 5935 (Sloan Di VItaI Sky y " ' - ' . g a Large Hadron Collider . _ _ 3 ,9 .' ' _ . g. - - - - 1 thousand metres (kilometre, km) — 1000 m — 10 m Survey), capturing a quarter of NASA Screen capture of imp/ma . A a collismn in which a I . 6 b'll' t d t ' ~ gsic.nasa. gov/30955. Frank Summe‘rs & Ea Higgs boson .5 1 million (mega) metres = 1 000 000 = 10 m af ' llfalll' S arsla"_ a (lltual: er (513d), aurrna Besla (Columbia 5‘7 ' m, 15 . . . = = 9 O a I ion ga axles. S OWS . University) and RIoelandI van IderMare E . ' 3 produced, 10 m 1 billion (giga) metres 1 000 000 000 10 m clusters of galaxies connected , ' (STSclII)-. ‘, g , . . © ' in a vast network. § 9' E‘ E — r l Gla (M33) ' a '5 , 4 ~ . . . a - a E . . . ' . ' I ' _‘ . ‘ - , i Some closest stars to E a I I II . ‘ , I I . ' . I _ .' ., I . \ . E ' mama-cmywax) our Sun within 30 ly’ I .I I % 1PIIl)a_r:!c5k length II . I I _ I I. I-I I '. . .' II I I I . I E 3 x1017 m I I E . II - . . ‘ . - - - ' E MilkyWay, our galaxy, -‘ ‘ . I ' I 4 E E 105 |y,1021 m - :i: ' -— . g - E , E I, Local Group of galaxies, ' , ‘ .. . . _ ' 4x105iy,4x1022m ‘_ “_ ‘ . - I, . . ' . I ' cl - ‘ . .' I I. ' . . ' I Q . . I I l .
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