Answer to Question 1
Answer:
Answers should include the following points:
1) Stereotypes function as a schema cognitive framework for processing information and for organizing, storing, and retrieving memories.
2) Stereotypes allow for greater efficiency in information processing.
3) Stereotypes allow us to conserve mental effort (cognitive miser).
4) Stereotypes allow us to maintain our beliefs about the world and about people (subtyping and illusory correlations may be mentioned in this context).
5) Stereotypes allow us to feel positively about our group identities and to increase our self-esteem.
6) Stereotypes act as theories guiding attention and influencing the interpretation of information.
Answer to Question 2
Answer:
The bona fide pipeline is a method by which to determine the true racial attitudes of people. As a simple example, people are primed subliminally with the face of a person from a racial group that is typically viewed negatively. Subsequently, participants are shown an adjective and asked to indicate whether it is good or bad by pushing one of two keys. When the primed racial group elicits a negative reaction, the participant will be faster in responding to a negative adjective, and slower in responding to a positive adjective. If the prime is a face from a positively viewed racial group, then this pattern is reversed.
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Positive and Negative Stereotypes
Under ideal conditions, a single cell of the bacterium E. coli would divide every 20 minutes to ...