Answer to Question 1
Answer:
People as jurors bring their prejudices, whether conscious or unconscious, with them. Bothwell, et al (2006), measured private attitudes toward both Blacks and White of either gender in a case where a supervisor demanded sexual favors from a subordinate. When jurors rated different combinations of race and gender while in private, all their stereotypes and prejudices showed up in their monetary awards to the victim. Later the jurors met to deliberate in a mock jury trial situation. After considerable deliberation, all the prejudiced judgments expressed in private went away, as measured by the jury's award. Thus, at least in some cases, the deliberations themselves may reduce the effects of prejudice or stereotype (held in private by individual jurors) toward members of stigmatized groups. This is encouraging because biases we hold individually may be overwhelmed by legal processes that eliminate or at least reduce the impact of these biases.
Answer to Question 2
Answer:
Individuals who are lonely often feel left out and believe they have little in common with others. They may have very few friends and spend their leisure time engaged in solitary activities. They may feel depressed, anxious, unhappy, dissatisfied. They may also be pessimistic about the future, blame themselves for their outcomes, and may feel shy. Other people may think they are maladjusted and attempt to avoid lonely people. They belong to few groups and have poorer health.
Messelson-Stahl Experiment
Pavlov’s Salivary Conditioning Experiment (2 of 2)
Items that would be difficult to replace bearing legal significance are sent by certified mail.
Descriptors for Documenting Palpation Findings
Personality Psychology: Foundations and Findings (Miserandino)
These findings are from Colby and Kohlberg's long-term longitudinal study