Sabiha is left-handed, and prefers left-handed men. She is going to be introduced to Wilbur. Left-handers comprise about 10 percent of the population.
She has been truthfully informed that Wilbur is either a left-handed Chinese psycholinguist or a left-handed used car salesman from the Midwestern region of the United States. If Sabiha makes good use of base rates, which of the following outcomes should she expect?
A) Wilbur is a left-handed Chinese psycholinguist.
B) Wilbur is a new car salesman from the Midwestern region of the U.S.
C) She has been misinformed about Wilbur's existence as a crude statistical prank.
D) Wilbur is a used car salesman from the Midwestern region of the U.S. who also happens to be left-handed.
E) Wilbur is a Midwestern left-handed Chinese psycholinguist who works as a used car salesman in his spare time.
Question 2
Heuristics exert a strong influence on our thinking in large measure because ________.
A) they rely on our internal personal biases and unknown prejudices
B) they are effortful processes that require an expenditure of mental energy
C) they activate critical brain structures such as the amygdala
D) they allow us to process more information than would otherwise be considered
E) they reduce the mental effort needed to make judgments and decisions
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