Biologist Zing Yang Kuo (1961) demonstrated that a cat that had been raised from birth with a rat in the same cage would attack neither that specific rat nor other rats. This research suggests that
a. conflict over scarce resources contributes to aggression.
b. aggression is a learned response.
c. aggressive behavior is not instinctive.
d. aggressive instincts can be modified through experience.
Question 2
Evolutionary explanations for behavior are controversial for several reasons. Nonetheless, how true are the evolutionary explanations for aggression?
a. Experiments have been conducted, so they are proven facts.
b. The theory has been supported by substantial experimental research.
c. All the research is correlational, so they are speculations.
d. There is no data to support evolutionary explanations, so they have been disproven.
The experiment of Plaxton and his colleagues demonstrated that plants can alter their metabolism in
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