Based on the studies conducted by Nolan and colleagues (2008) and Goldstein and colleagues (2008), which approach seems to be most effective at motivating people to behave in ways that are more environmentally friendly?
a. operant conditioning
b. informational social influence
c. cognitive dissonance
d. guilt and fear appeals
Question 2
In a recent study about how to promote energy conservation, Nolan and colleagues (2008) found that simply telling people that their neighbors conserve energy was a more effective
means of reducing energy consumption than telling them other reasons why they should conserve. Why did this message work the best?
a. Participants experienced cognitive dissonance.
b. Participants engaged in counterfactual thinking.
c. Participants were affected by informational social influence.
d. Participants were persuaded by fear-appeals.
Model for evidence-based clinical decision making.
Play in Four Cultures Across cultures, play is the most common activity in early childhood. Source:
Raphael, Studies for The Alba Madonna (verso).
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