Kuhn and Pease (2008) trained fourth graders in scientific problem-solving using earthquake and avalanche forecasting programs in fourth through sixth grade. One of their key findings was that
a. trained sixth graders were still not as good as untrained seventh graders at justifying a scientific theory with evidence.
b. trained sixth graders were about the same as untrained seventh graders at justifying a scientific theory with evidence.
c. trained sixth graders were better than untrained seventh graders at justifying a scientific theory with evidence.
d. the children showed little improvement in scientific problem-solving over the three-year period, supporting Inhelder and Piagets argument that formal operational thinking is not found until adolescence.
Question 2
Based on the studies of Kuhn and Pease (2008), all of the following are limitations in scientific reasoning found near the beginning of training in science except
a. isolating variables.
b. identifying both causal and non-causal variables.
c. testing an initial intuitive hypothesis about a causal variable.
d. planning how to collect appropriate data to test a theory.
Feedforward control of breathing rate in an animal trained for athletic exercise.
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