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The effects of organophosphate poisoning are referred to by using the abbreviations “SLUD” or “SLUDGE,” It stands for: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, and emesis.
An identified risk factor for osteoporosis is the intake of excessive amounts of vitamin A. Dietary intake of approximately double the recommended daily amount of vitamin A, by women, has been shown to reduce bone mineral density and increase the chances for hip fractures compared with women who consumed the recommended daily amount (or less) of vitamin A.
It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
Hyperthyroidism leads to an increased rate of metabolism and affects about 1% of women but only 0.1% of men. For most people, this increased metabolic rate causes the thyroid gland to become enlarged (known as a goiter).
There are over 65,000 known species of protozoa. About 10,000 species are parasitic.
![Species currently endangered in Canada include (a) the Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia; (b) Taylor](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_22_09_11_9_40_13_18261512.jpeg)
![Neopetalia punctata is a dragonfly, the only member of the family Neopetaliidae. It is endemic to Ar](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_12359_26_04_12_5_31_30.jpeg)