Answer to Question 1
D
Answer to Question 2
The majority of memos are of a routine nature and essential for the day-to-day operation of a business. Routine messages, as well as messages conveying good news, are written deductively. When faced with the challenge of telling employees about a significant change, rather than coercing or demanding that employees accept the change, a letter from the president could emphasize reasons the changes were being made (benefits to guests, the company, and the employees) and the employee's important role in implementing the changes. The detailed language leaves no doubt in an employee's mind as to what management considers clean, crisp, and professional. However, by continually emphasizing the benefits employees gain from the change, management garners support for the high standards being imposed.
Similarly, employees must often make persuasive requests of their supervisors. For example, they might recommend a change in procedure, acquisition of equipment or software, or attendance at a professional development program. Persuasive memos and email messages are longer than most routine messages because of the extra space needed for developing an appeal and providing convincing evidence.