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Vaccines prevent between 2.5 and 4 million deaths every year.
People with alcoholism are at a much greater risk of malnutrition than are other people and usually exhibit low levels of most vitamins (especially folic acid). This is because alcohol often takes the place of 50% of their daily intake of calories, with little nutritional value contained in it.
Signs of depression include feeling sad most of the time for 2 weeks or longer; loss of interest in things normally enjoyed; lack of energy; sleep and appetite disturbances; weight changes; feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, or worthlessness; an inability to make decisions; and thoughts of death and suicide.
Increased intake of vitamin D has been shown to reduce fractures up to 25% in older people.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.