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When blood is deoxygenated and flowing back to the heart through the veins, it is dark reddish-blue in color. Blood in the arteries that is oxygenated and flowing out to the body is bright red. Whereas arterial blood comes out in spurts, venous blood flows.
Individuals are never “cured” of addictions. Instead, they learn how to manage their disease to lead healthy, balanced lives.
In 2012, nearly 24 milliion Americans, aged 12 and older, had abused an illicit drug, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
The modern decimal position system was the invention of the Hindus (around 800 AD), involving the placing of numerals to indicate their value (units, tens, hundreds, and so on).
Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.
![Volvulus. A length of small intestine has twisted around itself, cutting off blood circulation to th](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_10_09_12_7_09_48_84811374.jpeg)
![Volvulus. A volvulus results when the small intestine twists, causing an obstruction that can lead t](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_23_54_96901380.jpeg)