A 40-year-old male client has a congenital syndrome that affects ...

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A 40-year-old male client has a congenital syndrome that affects the function of the Langerhans cells of his epidermis. The man's care provider would expect which of the following manifestations of his condition?
 
  A)
  Increased susceptibility to infection
  B)
  High permeability of his epidermis to environmental materials
  C)
  Lighter skin tone than other individuals of the same ethnicity
  D)
  Frequent separation between the dermal and epidermal layer of his skin

Question 2

While studying the skin in a science class, a student asks why all people have a pinkish color to their lips/mucous membranes. The instructor would respond by citing which of the following responses?
 
  A)
  Melanocytes are the pigment-synthesizing cells.
  B)
  Pheomelanin is the yellow to red pigment particularly concentrated in the lips and nipples of humans.
  C)
  Tyrosinase is responsible for all-colored cell production.
  D)
  A person with tiny melanocytes will have more concentrated pigment resulting in darker color.

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Answer to Question 1

Ans:
A

Feedback:

Langerhans cells are the immunologic cells responsible for recognizing foreign antigens harmful to the body, and they play an important role in defending the body against foreign antigens. A lack of Langerhans cells would not manifest in increased permeability of the skin, unexpected coloration, or separation between layers.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
B

Feedback:

Pheomelanin, the yellow to red pigment, is found in all humans. It is particularly concentrated in the lips, nipples, glans penis, and vagina. Melanocytes are pigment-synthesizing cells that are scattered in the basal layer and are responsible for skin color (not mucous membranes). Tyrosinase converts the amino acid tyrosine to a precursor of melanin. If one has a lack of tyrosinase, the end result will be albinism. In dark-skinned people, larger melanin-containing melanosomes are produced and transferred individually to the keratinocyte.