Answer to Question 1ANS: D
The functional reach test is another useful test for upper extremity function that correlates well with an increased risk for falls and dependence (Behrman et al. 2002). Give the client the following instructions: Stand with your feet hip-width apart and your right (dominant) side next to, but not touching, a wall. Extend your right arm (or whichever is closest to the wall) parallel to the floor at shoulder height with your fingers extended. Now reach forward as far as you can, bending at the waist, but do not lift your heels off the floor. The examiner measures the distance in centimeters from the back of the shoulder to the tip of the middle finger in the normal reach position and again in the forward reach position. Differences greater than 25 cm are a significant predictor of falls and increased dependence in ADLs and IADLs.
Answer to Question 2ANS: B
The timed get-up-and-go test should be administered to all clients who have experienced a fall or who report difficulty with strenuous activities, such as fast walking, heavy housework, shopping, or climbing stairs. It is easy to perform and takes very little additional time during the examination. Place a chair in an unobstructed location and instruct client to rise from the seated position, walk 20 feet, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down. Time this activity with a stopwatch. In populations that cannot complete the task in 15 seconds or less, research has shown a strong correlation (0.60.
with other measures of gait and balance (Gerety 2000).
Functional Groups
nephron - functional unit of the kidney
Performing a Spirometry Test to Measure Forced Vital Capacity
Mantoux tuberculin skin test.
Alpine tundra. Low-growing, hardy plants at a high altitude in Washington’s Cascade range.
Complete versus incomplete genetic linkage