Answer to Question 1
B, C, D
Topical medications can be applied by direct application of liquid (eyedrops, gargling, swabbing the throat), insertion of a drug into a body cavity (rectal or vaginal suppositories, vaginal creams or foams), instillation of fluid into a body cavity (fluid is retained) (eardrops, nose drops, bladder and rectal instillation), irrigation of a body cavity (fluid is not retained) (flushing eye, ear, vagina, bladder, or rectum with medicated fluid), spraying (instillation into nose or throat or under the tongue), and inhalation of medicated aerosol spray or dry powder medication (distributes medication throughout the nasal passages and the tracheobronchial airway). Medication may be directly applied to the skin or mucosa (lotion, ointment, cream, powder, foam, spray, patch, and disc), or it may be given by the sublingual (medication placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve) or buccal (medication placed between the upper or lower molar teeth and cheek area and allowed to dissolve) route. Medications placed in the gastrointestinal tract via an enteral tube are not topical medications.
Answer to Question 2
B, C
Hypoxemia is a deficiency of arterial blood oxygen. Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce the amount of oxygen transported to the cells. Acidemia (decreased blood pH) increases the ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen to the tissues. Alkalemia (increased blood pH) decreases the ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen to the tissues.
A patient examination room should be simple and efficiently designed.
Cyanosis as shown here at the patient’s fingertips results from a lack of oxygen in the tissues
(A) PET scan of a healthy patient. (B) PET scan of a patient with schizophrenia. This patient will ...
Patient with osteoarthritis.
Sandwich or capture enzyme immunoassay for patient IgM (double capture: IgM capture, Ag capture).
Selected Topical Corticosteroids for Dermatological and Oral Lesions